World Oldest Oil Painting technique | Rogan Art

​Rogan art in Madhapar is a living testament to Gujarat’s ancient textile traditions, standing as both an art form and a symbol of cultural resilience. The village of Madhapar, located in Bhuj, Kutch, is home to a handful of artisans who are dedicated to preserving and innovating this 1,550-year-old craft, with the Kansara family—especially Ashish Kansara—playing a leading role in its resurgence. Evidence suggests the world’s oldest surviving oil paintings are Buddhist images from the Bamiyan caves in Afghanistan, dated to the 5th–6th centuries AD. These works were created using a drying-oil method commonly described as the "Rogan Art" or "Rogan oil painting" technique.

Tree of life Rogan Art | Ashish Kansara

​Origins and Distinctiveness | ​History and Origins of Rogan art

Rogan art originated in India and is closely associated with the region of Kutch, particularly the villages of Nirona and Madhapar. The word "Rogan" derives from Sanskrit and signifies the "work of colour," an apt description for a craft that uses a unique paste made from boiled castor oil and natural pigments. Historical research shows Rogan painting dating back to the 5th and 6th centuries, with evidence found in Buddhist caves in Afghanistan, indicating the technique’s ancient roots and spread along trade routes

Technique and Craftsmanship of Rogan oil painting

Rogan art is distinguished by its labour-intensive method. Artisans boil castor oil for several hours to produce a viscous material, then mix it with pigments to create the Rogan paste. Using a thin metal stylus, the paste is deftly worked onto fabric, usually by freehand. Traditional motifs often feature natural elements such as trees, birds, and flowers, most famously the "Rogan art Saree" "Tree of Life" design. One technique involves folding the fabric after painting half a design, pressing it to transfer a mirror image, creating a symmetrical pattern. Besides freehand styles, Rogan art in Madhapar also includes semi-mechanical block printing and enhanced colour embellishments practiced by only a few skilled artisans, like Ashish Kansara.

Kansara Family Rogan Art

Revival and Contemporary Innovation

Over the years, Rogan art faced decline due to the rise of mass-produced textiles and changing fashion preferences. However, passionate artists such as Ashish Kansara and Komal Kansara have been instrumental in its revival in Madhapar. By blending traditional motifs with modern designs and expanding the artistry to new products—such as shawls, scarves, wallets, and wall hangings—these artisans have brought Rogan art to the attention of global audiences. Efforts to teach workshops and mentor new artists have ensured that this unique skill continues to thrive, empowering the next generation and preserving its legacy.

​Cultural Significance of Rogan

Traditionally, Rogan art adorned garments worn at weddings and festivals within communities like the Bharwad, Rabari, Ahir, and Patel. Today, its vibrant and detailed patterns have found a place in mainstream and luxury markets, celebrated both for their heritage and artistic beauty. Rogan art from Madhapar has even been showcased to dignitaries and leaders, highlighting its cultural value and appeal

​Conclusion

Rogan art of Madhapar stands as a living emblem of Gujarat’s enduring cultural legacy. Through continual innovation, education, and steadfast dedication, local artisans are ensuring that this ancient technique not only survives but flourishes in the modern world.